INGREDIENTS

Echinacea

Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties on skin.

Geranium

There is research showing it to have anti-inflammatory properties.

Ginseng

Immune system stimulant. It has been shown to have cell regeneration capabilities.

Gluconolactone

Polyhydroxy Acid that is the next generation of AHA. Highly moisturizing and provides all the smoothing and exfoliating benefits of AHAs but without the risk of irritation. Gluconolactone acid is a type of polyhydroxy acid (PHA) that is as effective as AHAs but less irritating. Gluconolactone acid is chemically and functionally similar to AHAs. The significant difference between them is that gluconolactone acid has a larger molecular structure, which limits its ability to penetrate into the skin, resulting in a reduction of irritating side-effects.

Glycolic Acid

Sugar Acid. Alphahydroxy Acid. Derived from sugar and used primarily to adjust the pH of products to prevent them from being too alkaline. AHAs are derived from various plant sources or from milk. AHAs work as water-binding agents and exfoliate skin cells by breaking down the substance in skin that holds skin cells together. AHAs have been widely used for therapy of photodamaged skin, and also have been reported to normalize hyperkeratinization (over-thickened skin) and to increase viable epidermal thickness and dermal glycosaminoglycans content. A vast amount of research has substantially described how the aging process affects the skin and has demonstrated that many of the unwanted changes can be improved by topical application of AHAs.

Glycosaminoglycans

Also known as mucopolysaccharides; these are a fundamental component of skin tissue. Complex proteins comprised of amino acids and sugars.

Green Tea

Powerful anti-oxidant known to be anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and a stimulant. Reduces swelling in the skin. Significant amounts of research have established that tea, including black, green, and white tea, delivers many intriguing health benefits. Dozens of studies point to tea's potent antioxidant as well as anticarcinogenic properties.

Gotu Kola

Reduces itching and repairs sunburn. Promotes circulation and is healing. Herb may appear on labels as asiatic acid or hydrocotyl. It has antibacterial, anti-psoriatic, and wound-healing properties.

Hazelnut Oil

see Natural Moisturizing Factors.

Hemolymph

An extract of crustacean DNA. It is a source of protein and water binding agents.

Hydrocotyl

see Gotu Kola.

Hydroquinone 2%

Substance that is known to successfully reduce the intensity of freckles, melasma, and general brown patching by inhibiting melanin production. For continued and increased effectiveness it must be used long term. Unprotected sun exposure should be avoided, because it reverses the effect of hydroquinone by increasing melanin production. Occasionally, at higher concentrations, persons with a darker skin type will experience increased pigmentation, but this is rare. It can cause mild skin irritation and there is the possibility of an allergic reaction. Hydroquinone in 1% to 2% concentrations is available in over-the-counter products.

Iron Ferment

Maintains micro circulation. See Oligoelements.

Jojoba Oil

see Natural Moisturizing Factors

Kaolin

White Chinese Clay absorbs oil and exfoliates the skin's texture.